Trend and Future of Retail Space: Part 2
Jooyun Kim's Spacebranding vol.27 "An innovative platform for department stores, shopping centers, and offline retail spaces". <Why do we talk about retail space?> Philip Kotler, a Guru in marketing and a professor of international marketing at the Kellogg School of Marketing at Northwestern University, divides the retail market into four stages according to the trend of the times and paradigm in his book Retail 4.0. The beginning of the flow was the emergence of department stores led by Le Bon Marché in Paris, in the 19th century, and this is defined as ‘retail 1.0’. Archives du Bon Marché Rive Gauche, from edition.cnn.com, https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/le-bon-marche-paris-department-store/index.html Opened in 1869, the Bon Marché Department Store is a space designed by Gustave Eiffel, who designed the eternal landmark of a city called Paris, the Eiffel Tower. So, how did this space bring about the ‘transaction cost innovation’ di...